Top 10 ancient towns and villages worth visiting and exploring

Top 10 old towns and towns worth visiting and investigating The most lovely old towns and towns that gloat an immense notable legacy Our reality is brimming with astonishing old urban areas that have endure something other than time. They got renowned for their tremendous noteworthy and social legacy. There are a great deal of things in these everlasting spots that merit our consideration. Simply prepare to go for a stroll and investigate these must visit old towns and towns.  Alberobello, Puglia, Italy Alberobello, in the area of Puglia in southern Italy, is a one of a kind and pleasant occasion goal that can dazzle everybody with its abnormal areas of trulli. A trulo is a cabin with white-washed tapered rooftop which were worked by the neighborhood individuals in the removed past with the reason to maintain a strategic distance from charges. That settlement tricked the experts in such manner †it simply didn't have a status of a town in light of the fact that those cottages could be handily destroyed. Nowadays, explorers can meander the limited boulevards, experience the memorable soul of this site, and appreciate the first engineering. Trakai Island, Lithuania Trakai is the verifiable capital of Lithuania where you can visit the main island stronghold in Eastern Europe. Trakai Island Castle is an extraordinary building case of Gothic style which was worked by Lithuanian dukes in XIV century and served and their living arrangement. These days, individuals can visit different social occasions that are held in this flawless spot. The Knight Competition is the most well known among the foreigners.â Its authentic focus is likewise celebrated for its various lakes. Ronda, Malaga, Spain Notwithstanding being a scoring town Ronda holds a lot of its memorable appeal and uniqueness. This spot won't prevent interesting its guests from everywhere throughout the world. It is popular for its sensational and stunning perspectives and ledges. A 100m profound gully EL Tajo will intrigue you with its crevasse. Ronda is an origin of present day bullfighting which individuals glimpse once every year at Feria Goyesca. Marburg, Germany Marburg is a sentimental German riverfront town that goes back to the ninth century. It is viewed as a social focus of Europe with its delightful Renaissance and Gothic design. The exquisite Marburg Castle ignores this medieval college town. There are a great deal of spots of enthusiasm for visitor, understudies, and researchers here. Fenghuang (Phoenix Ancient Town), Hunan Province, China Fenghuang is arranged in the zone of amazing regular excellence where water, mountains, and blue skies win. It is viewed as the most excellent town in China. You will be certainly dazzled with its tastefulness, rich culture, demeanor of puzzle, and crude effortlessness. Fenghuang is an ideal case of what towns used to be to the beginning of modernization. Piodao, Portugal Piodao is a recorded schist town in focal Portugal, which is viewed as one of the most enchanting and beautiful towns in the nation. Piodao is without a doubt a one of a kind site because of its homes that are masterminded as an amphitheater. Local people are pleased with their excellent medieval town with its exceptional perspectives, noteworthy design, and radiant uneven scenes. Songzanlin, Shangri-La, China Songzanlin is the biggest Tibetan Buddhist religious community in Yunnan which pulls in a great deal of visitors from the entire world because of its puzzling air, extraordinary Tibetan engineering, and superb fortunes. It is intriguing that this present religious community's unpredictable, which is encircled with shocking nature, makes a whole little town. Its very much safeguarded frescos, brilliant lights, Tibetan lections, and brilliant figures of Buddha josses make this religious community one of the most well known sanctuaries in China. Bergamo, Italy Bergamo is a northern Italy treasure. This overwhelming eastern Lombard city has a ton to offer: An abundance of workmanship, astounding nature, notable design, stunning perspectives, and some fine dining.â The astonishing terraced gardens and slants planted with different verdures make this town famous occasion goal. The old upper city †Citta Alta †is the place the vast majority of the vacation destinations can be found. Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Jodhpur is an awesome mix of the advanced and the conventional. It is one of the biggest and most populated urban areas in Rajasthan. It denotes its starting point back to the time of 1459 AD. This city is famously known as the Blue City since its havelis, royal residences, fortifications, houses, and sanctuaries are worked in distinctive shades of blue. There is continually something to see here. That is the reason it is additionally the most loved visitor goal. The principle things guests like to find in Jodhpur are textures, handcrafts, and zest markets. Civita di Bagnoregio, Province of Viterbo, Italy Italy's Civita di Bagnoregio is a Jewel on the slope. It was established by Etruscans over 2,500 years back. This city is remembered for the rundown of 100 Most Endangered Sites since its populace has dwindled to only six inhabitants. Vacationers are welcome by these amicable neighborhood individuals. You will find the great nature, memorable design, and staggering all encompassing perspectives here.

The Discovery of Fire in the Early Stone Age

The Discovery of Fire in the Early Stone Age The revelation of fire, or, all the more accurately, the controlled utilization of fire, was one of mankinds first extraordinary developments. Fire permits us to deliver light and warmth, to cook plants and creatures, to clear woodlands for planting, to warm treat stone for making stone instruments, to fend predator creatures off, and to consume earth for fired articles. It has social purposes too. Flames fill in as get-together places, as guides for those away from camp, and as spaces for exceptional exercises. The Progress of Fire Control The human control of fire likely required the intellectual capacity to conceptualize fire, which itself has been perceived in chimpanzees; extraordinary gorillas have been known to lean toward their nourishments cooked. The way that experimentation with fire happened during the beginning of humankind should not shock anyone. Paleologist J.A.J. Gowlett offers this general framework for the improvement of fire use:â opportunistic utilization of fire from regular events (lightning strikes, meteor impacts, etc);â limited protection of flames lit by characteristic events; utilization of creature fertilizer or other moderate consuming substances to keep up flames in wet or cold seasons; and finally,â kindled fire. Early Evidence The controlled utilization of fire was likely a development of our precursor Homo erectus during the Early Stone Age (or Lower Paleolithic). The most punctual proof of fire related with humansâ comes from Oldowan primate destinations in the Lake Turkana area of Kenya. The site of Koobi Fora contained oxidized patches of earth to a profundity of a few centimeters, which a few researchers decipher as proof of fire control. The Australopithecine site of Chesowanja in focal Kenya (about 1.4 million years of age) likewise contained consumed dirt clastsâ in little zones. Other Lower Paleolithic locales in Africa that contain conceivable proof of fire incorporate Gadeb in Ethiopia (consumed rock), and Swartkrans (consumed bones) and Wonderwerk Cave (consumed debris and bone parts), both in South Africa. The most punctual proof for controlled utilization of fire outside of Africa is at the Lower Paleolithic site of Gesher Benot Yaaqov in Israel, where roasted wood and seeds were recuperated from a site dated 790,000 years of age. Other proof has been found at Zhoukoudian, a Lower Paleolithic site in China, Beeches Pit in the U.K., and Qesem Cave in Israel. An Ongoing Discussion Archeologists analyzed the accessible information for European destinations and reasoned that ongoing utilization of fire wasnt part of the set-up of human practices until around 300,000 to 400,000 years prior. They accept that the prior locales are illustrative of theâ opportunistic utilization of normal flames. Terrence Twomey distributed an extensive conversation of the early proof for theâ human control of fire at 400,000 to 800,000 years back. Twomey accepts that there is no immediate proof for residential flames somewhere in the range of 400,000 and 700,000 years back, however he accepts that other, circuitous proof backings the idea of the controlled utilization of fire. Roundabout Evidence Twomeys contention depends on a few lines of roundabout proof. To start with, he refers to the metabolic requests of generally large brained Middle Pleistocene tracker gatherersâ and recommends that mind advancement required prepared food. Further, he contends that our particular rest designs (keeping awake after dim) are profoundly established and that primates started remaining in regularly or for all time cool places by 800,000 years back. The entirety of this, says Twomey, infers powerful control of fire. Gowlett and Richard Wrangham contend that another bit of aberrant proof for the early utilization of fire is that our predecessors Homoâ erectus developed littler mouths, teeth, and stomach related frameworks, in striking differentiation to prior primates. The advantages of having a littler gut couldn't be acknowledged until excellent nourishments were accessible throughout the entire year. The selection of cooking, which relax food and makes it simpler to process, could have prompted these changes. Hearth Fire Construction A hearth is an intentionally developed chimney. The soonest models were made by gathering stones to contain the flames, or basically by reusing a similar area over and over and permitting the debris from past flames to collect. Hearths from the Middle Paleolithic time frame (around 200,000 to 40,000 years prior) have been found at locales, for example, the Klasies River Caves in South Africa, Tabun Cave in Israel, and Bolomor Cave in Spain. Earth stoves, then again, are hearths with banked and here and there domed structures worked of mud. These sorts of hearths were first utilized during the Upper Paleolithic time frame for cooking and warming and at times for consuming dirt puppets. The Gravettian Dolni Vestonice site in the cutting edge Czech Republic has proof of furnace development, in spite of the fact that development subtleties didn't endure. The best data on Upper Paleolithic furnaces is from the Aurignacian stores of Klisoura Caveâ in Greece. Fills Relict wood was likely the fuel utilized for the soonest fires. Deliberate choice of wood came later: hardwood, for example, oak consumes uniquely in contrast to softwood, for example, pine, since the dampness substance and thickness of a wood all influence how hot or long it will consume. In places where wood was not accessible, elective fills, for example, peat, cut turf, creature excrement, creature bone, ocean growth, and straw were utilized to construct fires. Creature manure was likely not reliably utilized until after creature domesticationâ led to the keeping of animals, around 10,000 years prior. Sources Attwell L., Kovarovic K., and Kendal J.R. Fire in the Plio-Pleistocene: The Functions of Hominin Fire Use, and the Mechanistic, Developmental and Evolutionary Consequences. Diary of Anthropological Sciences, 2015.Bentsen S.E. Utilizing Pyrotechnology: Fire-Related Features and Activities With a Focus on the African Middle Stone Age. Diary of Archeological Research, 2014.Gowlett J.A.J. The Discovery of Fire by Humans: A Long and Convoluted Process. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2016.Gowlett J.A.J., and Wrangham R.W. Most punctual Fire in Africa: Towards the Convergence of Archeological Evidence and the Cooking Hypothesis. Azania: Archeological Research in Africa, 2013.Stahlschmidt M.C., Miller C.E., Ligouis B., Hambach U., Goldberg P., Berna F., Richter D., Urban B., Serangeli J., and Conard N.J. On the Evidence for Human Use and Control of Fire at Schã ¶ningen. Diary of Human Evolution, 2015.Twomey T. The Cognitive Implications of Controlled Fire Use by Early Humans. Cambridge Archeological Journal, 2013.

Assignment1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment1 - Essay Example Showcasing is about the clients and the qualities they look for the items and administrations they need to purchase. Levitt gives a wide meaning of advertising that isn't restricted to the item or organization alone. He grows his definition to incorporate clients and the world they live in. Basically, he utilizes a frameworks hypothesis way to deal with promoting, in light of the fact that he comprehends showcasing as the whole of its parts. The most significant part isn't the item framework or gracefully chain framework, however they are clearly basic to the business frameworks of firms. The most basic part is where clients are found. This framework incorporates all factors that influence the customers’ purchasing perspectives, qualities, and practices. Advertising is tied in with knowing this framework and creating and selling items that identify with the customers’ framework. The customers’ world is marketing’s world. This paper additionally concurs that having a â€Å"visceral feel of greatness† (Levitt 20) is appropriate to endurance in this exceptionally serious world. This significance ought to exude from the pioneers and taint the working environment (Levitt 20). The primary concern is: â€Å"Management must consider itself not as delivering items yet as giving client making esteem satisfactions† and that â€Å"It must push this thought (and all that it implies and requires) into each niche and corner of the organization† (Levitt 21). Advertising underpins business vision and objectives. The vision is to react to customers’ esteem fulfillments needs. Showcasing explicitly promotes its items/administrations to clients and the entire organization ought to be a piece of the advertising exertion. This bodes well since when a couple of representatives go off to some far away place in the vision, they will imagine that they are promoting items just and that isn't right, since showcasing spins around purchasers. Levitt gives a helpful, however broad,

Higher Degree Holders in USA & Saudi Arabi - 275 Words

Higher Degree Holders in USA & Saudi Arabi (Essay Sample) Content: Comparison between Higher Degree Holders in USA Saudi ArabiName:Professor:Course:Date:IntroductionThehigherdegreeholders in USA Saudi Arabia may be compared based on thenumber of people in eachcountrywhohavemastersand doctorate. Thestudy will alsoinvestigatethenumber of programsgivenwhenundertakingmasteror doctorate degrees in the two countries under thestudy. The Study will alsodeterminethetypes of careersthatthehigherdegreeholders in the USA and Saudi Arabia will pursue after completing their degreeprograms. Theresearch will alsoinvestigatewhethertheholders of masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and doctorate have a higherlikelihood of getting a promotion in the two countries under thestudy.Howmany are thehigherdegreeholders in eachcountry?Empiricalresearchesindicatethat, thenumbers of people in the United States whopossess a masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s degreewereapproximate 95,399 as at 20113. Thefigurereflectsbothgenders irrespective of their racewhilethose with doctorate wereapproximate 26,573 (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). On thecontrary, thenumber of peoplegraduatingannually with a masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s degree in Saudi Arabia is approximate 47,500 whilethosegraduating with doctorate eachyear are approximate 10400. However, thenumber is anticipated to rise with time (Javid, Farooq, Gulzar, 2012).Thenumber of programsgivenThere are numerousmastersand doctorate programsoffered in the United States and Saudi Arabia. Theprogramsoffered depend on theareas of specialization. In theuse there are approximate 50 masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and doctorate programwhile in Saudi Arabia there are approximate 40 programsofferedRugh, 2002).FuturecareersInbothcoun... Higher Degree Holders in USA & Saudi Arabi - 275 Words Higher Degree Holders in USA & Saudi Arabi (Essay Sample) Content: Comparison between Higher Degree Holders in USA Saudi ArabiName:Professor:Course:Date:IntroductionThehigherdegreeholders in USA Saudi Arabia may be compared based on thenumber of people in eachcountrywhohavemastersand doctorate. Thestudy will alsoinvestigatethenumber of programsgivenwhenundertakingmasteror doctorate degrees in the two countries under thestudy. The Study will alsodeterminethetypes of careersthatthehigherdegreeholders in the USA and Saudi Arabia will pursue after completing their degreeprograms. Theresearch will alsoinvestigatewhethertheholders of masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and doctorate have a higherlikelihood of getting a promotion in the two countries under thestudy.Howmany are thehigherdegreeholders in eachcountry?Empiricalresearchesindicatethat, thenumbers of people in the United States whopossess a masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s degreewereapproximate 95,399 as at 20113. Thefigurereflectsbothgenders irrespective of their racewhilethose with doctorate wereapproximate 26,573 (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). On thecontrary, thenumber of peoplegraduatingannually with a masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s degree in Saudi Arabia is approximate 47,500 whilethosegraduating with doctorate eachyear are approximate 10400. However, thenumber is anticipated to rise with time (Javid, Farooq, Gulzar, 2012).Thenumber of programsgivenThere are numerousmastersand doctorate programsoffered in the United States and Saudi Arabia. Theprogramsoffered depend on theareas of specialization. In theuse there are approximate 50 masterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and doctorate programwhile in Saudi Arabia there are approximate 40 programsofferedRugh, 2002).FuturecareersInbothcoun...

Literary Analysis - 1816 Words

The important texts in every different time period arose from different composer’s ways of thinking and pose a lasting significance on society. These themes arise uniquely in an array of texts including Shamus Heaney’s poems Digging, Punishment and Funeral Rites , Sofia Coppola’s film Lost in translation, Eat Pray love written by Elizabeth Gilbert and in the 2011 Television series Off The Map directed by Jenna Bans. The values explored in these texts are fundamentally linked to the religious, philosophical, scientific and cultural paradigms of the twenty and twenty first century and are a reflection of the society and literature in that time period. These texts have formed new ideologies and different ways of thinking in society and have†¦show more content†¦Dialogue is use between the characters to juxtapose the difference between the two different ways of thinking. Choice and circumstances are responsible for different perspectives of right and wron g, on one occasion the natives sell drugs for money, the doctors â€Å"look at what [they] do and see a drug that destroys families, [the natives] see [their] children growing up with their bellies full rather than empty. [They] don’t chose cocacain [they] choose [their] family [they] choose to survive. â€Å"Different composer’s ways of thinking of has led to a greater understanding of the meaning of wealth. Similarly in Digging composed in 1966 Heaney exemplifies a localised definition of wealth. Heaney values family, heritage and expertise and ignores the global paradigms. Heaney uses personal language to depict his family is hardworking but not wealthy, symbolised by the paper cork. Despite this however the tone of the poem remains positive and admiration is depicted in the line â€Å"by God that man could handle a spade.† Imagery and onomatopoeia such as â€Å"a clean rasping sound† contribute also to Heaney’s admiration for his families. Al though throughout the poem there is a change from parochial to a potential more global influence moving from the local to global. Contrastingly in funeral Rites written in 1975 Heaney addresses the global issue of violence, offering local solutions. HeaneyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Literary Analysis on Revelation794 Words   |  4 Pages Literary Analysis â€Å"Revelation† Flannery O’Connor short story entitled â€Å"Revelation† was swayed by her personal upbringing in the South. She lived in the time where people from the South were very intolerant and narrow-minded towards people who had a different lifestyle and who were of a different race. 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Sometimes it examines the artist’s society to better understand the author’s literary works; other times, it may examine the representation of such societal elements within the literature itself (Social Criticism) An example of this would be how in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Huck goes against what society wantsRead MoreThe Joseph Narrative: Literary Analysis and the Role of God5196 Words   |  21 PagesThe Joseph Narrative: Literary Analysis and the Role of God The Joseph narrative can be found in the book of Genesis chapters 37-50. It is slightly interrupted â€Å"by the story of Judah and Tamar (Gen. 38) and by the so-called Blessing of Jacob (Gen. 49:1-28)† (Skinner, 438). The story of Joseph is seen as unique because it has different characteristics than its counterparts in Genesis. Other writings in Genesis seem to be short, brief incidents, about family and tribal affairs. 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The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1894 Words

Throughout history, and even into present times, racism appears as an all too common societal concern. From slavery and discrimination to unequal rights, African Americans’ long history of mistreatment led to the desire and craving for freedom. In Mark Twain’s adventure novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, such motives from pre-emancipation era African American slaves become evident. In the novel, the characters’ attempts to leave the shackled south for the non-restrained north in hopes of freedom become justified. By analyzing and understanding how society feels about African Americans based on the geographical locations of the Southern United States, the Mississippi River, and the Northern United States, the reader comprehends the influential drive behind the desire to escape racism. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain writes about the adventures of an unlikely duo searching for freedom in the north. â€Å"The Northern and Southern states† divided into â€Å"the Free states and Slave states† (Blight 3). A definite line of pro-slavery and non-slavery existed within the United States during that time period, therefore, those under the ideologies of each geographical area often exhibited the same beliefs. The people of the north believed the act of slavery seemed wrong, whereas the people of the south saw no harm in the acts taking place. These social beliefs influenced Mark Twain’s ideas and thoughts about slavery, which often appear in his writing. Since Twain’sShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though th ere is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to say just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the storyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novel

Physical Fitness Training free essay sample

Introduction Physical Training is a bodily activity which enhances and maintains the health and illness of a person. It helps in strengthening the muscles and also the cardiovascular system, improving athletic skills, losing weight, and also for some, its for enjoyment. Regular physical exercise helps to improve the immune system and prevents a person to have heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. It also improves the mental health and prevents depression, uphold positive self-esteem. Physical training can also decrease of probability of early childhood diseases and adult obesity. Physical training is necessary because it makes a person to live a long and healthy fie, to have more energy, strength and stamina, helps to keep excess body fat off, makes the bones stronger, helps to prevent or reduce low back pain, keep the mind sharp, improve a persons mood, getting sick less often, to have better sleep, to enjoy life more. More importantly, it can minimized and prevent common and serious health problems. II. Objectives become physically fit. 2. To understand the importance of conditioning in the aspect of physical fitness 3. To motivate ones self to make exercise a daily habit. Ill. Materials For the training program I used water bottles in the first day. I also used small rubber ball of The Squeeze. For the Weighted Dead lifts, Weighted Front Shoulder Raises, Weighted Military Press, Reverse Bicep Curls, Triceps Extension I used BBS dumbbells that my mother also used in her exercise as substitute for the bottled water. For the Half Push Ups and Half Plank used a mat for me to be more comfortable while doing the exercise. V. Methods I did the training program by following the exercise routine in the Conditioning Exercise Monitoring Table. First, I do warm-up exercise to prepare my body for the exercise routine. Then, I followed the stated routine in the table. Lastly, I did cool down exercise at the end of the exercise. Conditioning Exercise Monitoring Table Day schedule Exercise Routine Remarks July 8-26, 2013 | 1. Stationary Jogging (minutes) 2. 5 minute rest (standing) 3. Weighted Squats (Book embraced) = 20 reps, 3 sets 4. Weighted Dead lifts (2 water filled-I . 5 soft drink containers) = 20 reps, sets 5. Half Push Ups = 10 reps, sets 6. Weighted Front Shoulder Raises (one 1. 5 water filled bottle) = 20 reps, 2 sets 7. Weighted Military Press (2 water filled 1. 5 bottle) = 15 reps, 3 sets 8. Reverse Bicep Curls (2 1. 5 water filled bottles) = 15 reps, 3 sets 9. Triceps Extension (1 1. 5 water filled bottle) = 15 reps, 3 sets 10. The Squeeze (1 1. 5 bottle filled with water) = 15 second hold, 15 second release, 4 sets 11. Half Plank = 30 seconds plank, 30 seconds rest, sets 12. 5 minute rest 13. Jumping Jacks = reps 14. END I Day 1, 5-1 Complicatedly 2-incomplete I V. Data Date I Time I Accomplishment I Remarks I I I Completed I Incomplete I July 8, 2013 | 2:00 PRNG I v I I Pain in the muscles 1 2nd- July 10, 2013 | 5:00 pm I I v I Pain in the muscles 1 3rd- July 12, 2013 | 5:00 pm I I v Felt tired and exhausted 1 4th-July 14, 2013 | 7:00 am I Iv I Felt tired exhausted 1 5th- July 16, 2013 | 6:00 pm I v I I Getting used in the exercise 1 6th- July 18, 2013 | 5:00 pm I v I I Getting used in the exercise 7th- July 20, 2013 | 7:moa I v I I Easily done I 8th- July 22, 20131 5:30 PRNG I v I 9th- July 24, 20131 5:30 PRNG I v I 10th-July 26, 2013 | 5:30 PRNG I v I VI. Discussions The training routine I did for the past 10 days helps my body to be stronger. At first three days of the training, I felt pain in my muscles but as the training goes on y body became used in the training routine. Doing the training regularly helps me to adjust to the program. The best day of the training routine is at Day 5, because at this day I became more determined to do the routine and at this day I felt that there are certain changes in my body like not getting tired easily every time I walked home from school and Im not getting sleepy easily. The worst day of the routine is the first four days of the training because Im not used to exercise. It is like Im new in doing the training routine that is why I felt so tired and I felt pain in my muscles. Stationary Jogging, Squeeze and Jumping Jacks are the exercise I enjoyed the most because these exercise are easy to do and I did not have a hard time in doing the exercises. For the exercise I did not like, it is the Weighted Dead lifts and Half Push Ups because these exercise are hard to do and needed to use more effort. I followed the expected diet by not eating unhealthy foods like Junk foods, soft drinks and I did not eat heavily during dinner. Instead, I ate vegetables and fruits that my mother prepared for me and drank water only. My Tamil, especially my parents like the project because it became a way tort me to void the unhealthy foods that l am eating before the training routine. They even accompanied me during the whole training process for me to enjoy it and to be more determined. I have seen good changes in my body due to this training that is why Im more determined to continue it to see more good results. The training program helped me to be stronger and healthy. I got used in eating vegetables and fruits in my meal and having light dinner. It helps me not only physically but also mentally and emotionally. Doing the training routine made me a responsible, disciplined and determined person. I learned from the program that daily exercise is good for the health and I should do this more often for me to have a fit and healthy body. VI. Acknowledgments First for all, I would like to thank my family for helping me to finish the training program and for accompanying me in the exercises. Most of all, I want to thank the Lord for giving me a more healthy body and for finishing the program safety. References: 1 . Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/physical_exercise 2. Http://www. Functional-fitness-facts. Com/why-is-physical-fitness-important. HTML

To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power Essay Example

To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? Essay To what extent can control of written language create or reinforce power? Written language is intended to influence both our thoughts and behavior. Today, we depend on written language as our sense of thought. It is often questioned that if it weren’t for written language, would individual thoughts ever be able to exist? However, it is evident that thoughts cannot exist without written language, ultimately inferring that written language is a tool used to both create as well as reinforce power. Today, written language plays a key role in society; to some, it is considered as the world’s universal discipline and is identified as the mold for our world today. Written language exerts a sort of hidden power. In regards to the role of written language, and its relationship towards authority, it is evident that it creates and reinforces power over societies of today. Powerful figures often use specific terminology within certain texts in order to create and reinforce power, especially over those who are inferior to them. For example, the Weekly Standard has myriads of articles that are financially supported by Rupert Murdock who owns Fox News. Fox News is well known for its biased and manipulative information. Like Fox News, the Weekly Standard also specific written language in order to manipulate its readers; in addition, Weekly Standard is able to create and reinforce power, as the majority of its readers are unable to pinpoint the biased information being portrayed. For example, the Weekly Standard often includes biased information with regards to America’s government, and to those who are in power or who have been in power, such as President Bush. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Clearly, based on the example above, it is evident that without written language, the majority of the world’s different civilizations wouldn’t be able to express such powerful accusations over the world and the societies confined within it. As a result, without such biased news sources, and specific manipulative terminology used by superior figures, the people of the world wouldn’t be defined by: its classes, ethnicities and genders. In order to justify such a statement, we can infer that written language can vary with regards to relationships with authority. It is significant to distinguish the difference between informal and formal writing, with regards to whom it is addressed to. A more personal example would be the way I write to inferiors and superiors. It is notable that when I communicate with superior figures, a formal type of written language is used as opposed to the use of informal written language when I communicate with someone who is inferior or equally inferior to me. For example, when writing my personal, it was primarily composed of formal written language. For example, â€Å"Personally, I believe that psychology is a world of so many unanswered questions. Day to day, I find myself trying to understand and question the role of our mental functions, our social behavior, as well as other psychological processes. † However, when writing a text message to a close friend, I use informal written language such as, â€Å"Hey, sup? I hv gtg now, so ttyl. † The implications here are that, written language can ultimately vary from person to person depending on their role in society. Therefore, written language can be used to both create as well as reinforce power as written language can vary depending on your level in society, and to those who you are addressing. However, written language is not evident in every language. Today, the world is composed of thousands of languages that are not written, which brings about the question of who has the power if written power isn’t there to create and reinforce it? For example, there has been a recent discovery of an endangered language known as Koro. Koro is only spoken by about 800 people in northeast India, and is unwritten and only transmitted orally. Therefore, due to the lack of a written language within the Koro language, it is evident that written language cannot always create and reinforce power. Written language is a controlling tool, which creates and reinforces power; it is often used to limit ones knowledge of written language in order to maintain control over what they are able to and unable to understand. One interpretation of such control is academic vocabulary, and the effect of knowing versus not knowing them would have. For instance, last week I was assigned a vocabulary list that was composed of words such as, â€Å"wily†, and â€Å"microcosm†. If I didn’t know the definitions of these words, then it would be difficult to fill in the blanks on the test. This example indicates the type of control written language can have over a person. It is evident that I am only limited to words that I know, and so not knowing the definition of certain words can hinder your chances of understanding someone or misinterpret what is being stated. Another examples is seen in warfare, where the military reports to the press about their overall progress. The military may use terminology that the general public is unable to understand. For example, the U. S. military referred to the bombing and invasion of Iraq as, â€Å"Operation Iraqi Freedom†. In a way, the military uses such terminology to maintain control over the public’s understanding about the overall reality and truth of war. Written language is also evident in everyday life such as, on traffic signs, food product labels, advertisements, practically everywhere. For instance, on a packet of organic jumbo oats, it states the nutritional value, the guideline daily amount, its ingredients, and also a list of instructions on how to make porridge. Nowadays, the majority of the world’s citizens rely on such signs and written language in order to get by day by day. The reliance on such written language demonstrates how it can generally create and reinforce power. This is because it directly aims at the public in a way that they can either â€Å"persuade† or â€Å"manipulate† an individual into buying their product, or simply to direct them to the nearest store. The implications here are that written language possesses direct control over our actions, and as a result, it is notably easier to maintain control as well as create and reinforce power to the controller’s advantage. However, this also brings about the question of illiteracy and how that affects the control and reinforcing of power. According to 2002 UNESCO, it is estimated that more than 867 million adults are illiterate. Therefore, if one is unable to comprehend written language, then written language is obviously unable to control and reinforce power over someone who is illiterate. In conclusion, written language to a certain extent can create and reinforce power. In a way, written language exerts a sort of hidden power. It has the ability to cause the division in society, between those who are inferior and superior to one another, and it also has the ability to limit a person’s knowledge of something. However, written language cannot always be used to create and reinforce power, as not every language is based on written language, and also a lot of people within the world of today are illiterate. With the lack of written language in certain language and a great deal of illiteracy, written language cannot always create and reinforce power. Word Count: 1200 To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power Essay Example To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? Essay To what extent can control of written language create or reinforce power? Written language is intended to influence both our thoughts and behavior. Today, we depend on written language as our sense of thought. It is often questioned that if it weren’t for written language, would individual thoughts ever be able to exist? However, it is evident that thoughts cannot exist without written language, ultimately inferring that written language is a tool used to both create as well as reinforce power. Today, written language plays a key role in society; to some, it is considered as the world’s universal discipline and is identified as the mold for our world today. Written language exerts a sort of hidden power. In regards to the role of written language, and its relationship towards authority, it is evident that it creates and reinforces power over societies of today. Powerful figures often use specific terminology within certain texts in order to create and reinforce power, especially over those who are inferior to them. For example, the Weekly Standard has myriads of articles that are financially supported by Rupert Murdock who owns Fox News. Fox News is well known for its biased and manipulative information. Like Fox News, the Weekly Standard also specific written language in order to manipulate its readers; in addition, Weekly Standard is able to create and reinforce power, as the majority of its readers are unable to pinpoint the biased information being portrayed. For example, the Weekly Standard often includes biased information with regards to America’s government, and to those who are in power or who have been in power, such as President Bush. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Clearly, based on the example above, it is evident that without written language, the majority of the world’s different civilizations wouldn’t be able to express such powerful accusations over the world and the societies confined within it. As a result, without such biased news sources, and specific manipulative terminology used by superior figures, the people of the world wouldn’t be defined by: its classes, ethnicities and genders. In order to justify such a statement, we can infer that written language can vary with regards to relationships with authority. It is significant to distinguish the difference between informal and formal writing, with regards to whom it is addressed to. A more personal example would be the way I write to inferiors and superiors. It is notable that when I communicate with superior figures, a formal type of written language is used as opposed to the use of informal written language when I communicate with someone who is inferior or equally inferior to me. For example, when writing my personal, it was primarily composed of formal written language. For example, â€Å"Personally, I believe that psychology is a world of so many unanswered questions. Day to day, I find myself trying to understand and question the role of our mental functions, our social behavior, as well as other psychological processes. † However, when writing a text message to a close friend, I use informal written language such as, â€Å"Hey, sup? I hv gtg now, so ttyl. † The implications here are that, written language can ultimately vary from person to person depending on their role in society. Therefore, written language can be used to both create as well as reinforce power as written language can vary depending on your level in society, and to those who you are addressing. However, written language is not evident in every language. Today, the world is composed of thousands of languages that are not written, which brings about the question of who has the power if written power isn’t there to create and reinforce it? For example, there has been a recent discovery of an endangered language known as Koro. Koro is only spoken by about 800 people in northeast India, and is unwritten and only transmitted orally. Therefore, due to the lack of a written language within the Koro language, it is evident that written language cannot always create and reinforce power. Written language is a controlling tool, which creates and reinforces power; it is often used to limit ones knowledge of written language in order to maintain control over what they are able to and unable to understand. One interpretation of such control is academic vocabulary, and the effect of knowing versus not knowing them would have. For instance, last week I was assigned a vocabulary list that was composed of words such as, â€Å"wily†, and â€Å"microcosm†. If I didn’t know the definitions of these words, then it would be difficult to fill in the blanks on the test. This example indicates the type of control written language can have over a person. It is evident that I am only limited to words that I know, and so not knowing the definition of certain words can hinder your chances of understanding someone or misinterpret what is being stated. Another examples is seen in warfare, where the military reports to the press about their overall progress. The military may use terminology that the general public is unable to understand. For example, the U. S. military referred to the bombing and invasion of Iraq as, â€Å"Operation Iraqi Freedom†. In a way, the military uses such terminology to maintain control over the public’s understanding about the overall reality and truth of war. Written language is also evident in everyday life such as, on traffic signs, food product labels, advertisements, practically everywhere. For instance, on a packet of organic jumbo oats, it states the nutritional value, the guideline daily amount, its ingredients, and also a list of instructions on how to make porridge. Nowadays, the majority of the world’s citizens rely on such signs and written language in order to get by day by day. The reliance on such written language demonstrates how it can generally create and reinforce power. This is because it directly aims at the public in a way that they can either â€Å"persuade† or â€Å"manipulate† an individual into buying their product, or simply to direct them to the nearest store. The implications here are that written language possesses direct control over our actions, and as a result, it is notably easier to maintain control as well as create and reinforce power to the controller’s advantage. However, this also brings about the question of illiteracy and how that affects the control and reinforcing of power. According to 2002 UNESCO, it is estimated that more than 867 million adults are illiterate. Therefore, if one is unable to comprehend written language, then written language is obviously unable to control and reinforce power over someone who is illiterate. In conclusion, written language to a certain extent can create and reinforce power. In a way, written language exerts a sort of hidden power. It has the ability to cause the division in society, between those who are inferior and superior to one another, and it also has the ability to limit a person’s knowledge of something. However, written language cannot always be used to create and reinforce power, as not every language is based on written language, and also a lot of people within the world of today are illiterate. With the lack of written language in certain language and a great deal of illiteracy, written language cannot always create and reinforce power. Word Count: 1200

Cultural Family Paper

Cultural Family Paper Cultural Family Paper Running Header: CULTURAL FAMILY BACKGROUND 1 Cultural Family Background COUN 504 Elbert Thomas Liberty University CULTURAL FAMILY BACKGROUND 2 Abstract The African American culture has worked its way from enslaved individuals to the principles for which this land was created (all men are created equal). From the Emancipation Proclamation, Civil Rights Act 1964, to the Voting Rights Act 1965, movement within this culture has steadily improved with opportunities. The election of the first biracial President in the United Sates is positive reinforcement of growth. The migration of this culture was not of choice but by force. Within this cultural family background paper discussion regarding issues of religion, education, and social development in the home are highlighted topics. Former President Bush seen and measured the achievement gap of black students among white and other minority students. â€Å"The results in achievement level of black and minority students where devastating and caused for the implementation of the No Child Left Behind act by U.S. Congress† (Orfield, pg.4). Finally, I will discuss my family history and fi ndings of educational, religion, and social trend of the Thomas/Wilder family. CULTURAL FAMILY BACKGROUND 3 Religion within the African American culture has been the backbone from the time of slavery. Many African American homes rely on faith and belief in the Holy Word for guidance, strength, and during any trial times in life. I can’t remember a time in my childhood where religion wasn’t used as a reinforcement of discipline, praise, or reassurance. Remembering the times of my mother crying out to God to help her family, cover her children with His precious love, and to keep her mind stayed on Him. In the African American church many denominations are separated by how church service is rendered. Some believe in worshiping by speaking in tongue, shouting (dancing with praise), or simply as coming to honor God and going home. As a child I can remember spending an extreme amount of time in church. My mother is an ordained Evangelist and Sunday thru Saturday seemed as if our home was (Thankful Baptist Church). The conversations between my brothers and I consisted of complaints of spending more time in church than being with friends or doing what teenagers do. As if any of us knew exactly what being a teenager meant. My family spent a great deal of time in rehearsal singing and preparing for the next gospel event. I remember at the age of nine becoming a member of the Gospel Signing Stars, a gospel quartet my mom assembled with my brothers and me. In the African American community churches are distinguished between traditional and non-traditional. In this community the church is the cornerstone for many social needs of blacks. At one time the church was the meeting place, shelter, and educational sources for this group. The traditional church is the only time that a large percent of America is segregated. Many churches don’t see nor understand the need of congregating together. Not only is this an issue surrounding different ethnic groups worshipping together. A study completed by a professor in 2007 gave a breakdown: Just 2% to 3% of mainline Protestants congregations and 15% of CULTURAL FAMILY BACKGROUND 4 Catholic parishes are racially mixed, with at least 20% of another race† (Shelton, pg. 3). This can be seen in the black community as an issue amongst black churches in general. In a rural city you may see an African American church on every other corner however these churches never seem to worship

Law in Higher Education (Affirmative Action in Higher Education) Research Paper

Law in Higher Education (Affirmative Action in Higher Education) - Research Paper Example A period of legal certainty is closely followed by a longer period of uncertainty. The objective of this paper is to critically analyze the place of affirmative action in higher education today. Key words: Affirmative action, compensation, discrimination, diversity, higher education. Affirmative Action in Higher Education Law Doverspike, Taylor and Arthur (2006) define affirmative action as â€Å"policies or procedures which attempt to increase the representation of an underrepresented, protected group (primarily minority or female but may include other groups such as aged) in education or employment through consideration in decision making of an applicant’s race, sex, or other protected group status† (p.5). Affirmative action has been employed as the primary tool for addressing gender, racial and ethnic inequalities. Education has been one of the key battlegrounds in the application of affirmative action evidenced by the popular cases such as Brown v The Board of Educa tion (1954). This is because education is highly valued in the American society due to its ability to impact on the life of an individual. Graduating from a selective institution enhances one’s life chances and increases the likelihood of entering a position of corporate or political leadership (Mullen, 2012). There exists a rich and complex legal framework that governs affirmative action in higher education. ... The debate Affirmative action is a focal point of public debate because of political and legal developments at the federal, state and local levels. Events that shaped the modern day affirmative action dates back to 1860s, especially following the promulgation of the 14th amendment. The amendment forbade states from enacting laws that denied American equal protection of the laws. It suffered setbacks for instance following the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v Fergusson where the court held that separate but equal accommodation did not violate the constitution giving rise to segregationist tendencies across United States. The modern day term ‘affirmative action’ traces its origin to President Kennedy, who in 1961 through Executive Order number 10925, introduced methods to address discrimination which had persisted regardless of constitutional guarantees and civil rights laws. It was developed and first enforced by President Johnson who put practical measures tha t transformed equality as a theory to equality in fact and result (Brunner and Rowen, 2007). Argument in Favor of Affirmative Action There are two core arguments that justify affirmative action. First, affirmative action ensures diversity in any democratic society. If left to chance, diversity can never be achieved. Part of the education process is to prepare students to interact with people from other nationalities. It prepares students to be better citizens in a democratic state. Americans come from diverse background, and America is set to become more diverse in the decades to come (Kowalski, 2006, p. 38). America prides itself on the diversity of its citizenry. Institutions and the whole academic field benefit holistically from diversity because

Courage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Courage - Essay Example The average person derives an image of a superhero when thinking about courage. However, that a limited view of what courage means. This is because it can be applied to so many other aspects of life. The second half of the definition in regards to negative forces is what allows for individual perspective on the word. For example, courage can pertain to a person stopping a gunman from shooting another victim despite the immense danger he or she faces in possibly getting maimed or dying in the process. On the other hand, courage can be reflected in the depths of an individual who recently became crippled and has to face the pain, difficulty and fear of starting life in a new way with new challenges. Both situations involve a form of evil to some extent and to be courageous is appropriately applied to the people involved. The situation also does not have to be a severe one that radically changes peoples’ lives. There is no indication in the definition of courage that there has to be a big or massive negative situation that happens to someone for it to maintain its context. Courage can be applied to as little a situation as giving a successful speech in front of a classroom of students or having the courage to try something new whether it is a type of food or a physical activity. The definition is also not limited to who can have courage. The definition does not state that a particular kind of person can achieve this mental state. This is where it gets tricky. The definition does not say who can have courage, but does that mean an animal can? Can a dog have courage? Most would agree that animals or people who do not have a clear understanding of the term courage cannot be courageous. However, if you go by the actual definition, it fails to decipher whether having courage is a human attribute or not. The fact is that that courage is a feat attributed to a mental or emotionally state of mind. Courage is then taken on and assigned to an individual based on his or her performance during a physical or outward activity that is negative in some fashion. A person cannot have courage in face of something that is not difficult or terrifying on some level. Works Cited "courage." Merriam-Webster. 2011. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"fear.† Merriam-Webster. 2011. Web. 2 Nov. 2011 http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/fear. â€Å"difficulty.† Merriam-Webster

Introduction to Ethics -- Arguments for and against affirmative action Essay

Introduction to Ethics -- Arguments for and against affirmative action - Essay Example It seeks to create an environment where race and gender will not stand against someone’s ability to move up the hierarchy if one has the necessary skills and credentials for the job (Libertella, Sora & Natale, 2007). It is meant to correct the wrongs that have been created against the people of a specific gender, race, or religion. While the intentions were right, over time the imposition of AA started showing signs of reverse discrimination where the rights of the majority were at stake. Based on the policies of AA, people started giving preference to members of the target group without merit and the quotas for minorities were filled up carelessly. All these resulted in the White males being deprived of their basic rights. Thus Affirmative Action, while trying to provide equal opportunities to all, ends up in discriminating the Whites, and hence unethical. There will always be two sides to an argument and whether it is fair to the Whites or not, remains debatable. At times, some sacrifices for the greater good of the society are better than no action. If this be true, AA is justified because the intention is to provide more opportunities to the minorities and women. Nevertheless, this amounts to social segregation. Arguments again abound that social segmentation exists in every society based on religion, race and economic differences. Such segregation or discrimination might work for some time for social good. People have tried to justify that AA helped to make up for past wrongs. Instead of doing justice it violates the rights of the Whites for equal consideration (Stanford, 2005). Besides, discrimination on the basis of a belief that one race or sex is inferior is wrong because it violates the moral right to equal respect (Himma, 2001). Decision need to be taken based on character and abilities and not on stereotype. In a democratic system,

Dr Jack Kevorkian: Disrupting The Universe :: essays research papers

Dr Jack Kevorkian: Disrupting the Universe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Jack Kevorkian did something that most people would never even think of doing or think that someone would do such a thing. He really did disrupt the universe by taking the whole world by surprise. Jack Kevorkian was the first person in the United States to assist in suicides in a big way. He started in 1990 by placing a newspaper add for assisted suicide. He then developed a device he called the Suicide Machine, which injected deadly drugs into the bloodstream. Once the shock passed over, the issue was brought up that he did not commit any crimes, or he is a murderer. Most people think very strongly in one way or the other. Myself and many other people believe that Jack Kevorkian has not done anything wrong and he should not be punished.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He has been present at 46 suicides since 1990. He has been to jail numerous times , but always let off on bail or another technicality. 38 times he has not even gone to court for his assisted suicides. Assisted suicides are still illegal in every state, but he has gotten off on technicalities or some other issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the people he assisted in suicides either were terminally ill or they wanted to be killed due to other serious medical problems. There have been reports of a person beating her son in tennis one week before she killed herself with the help of Jack Kevorkian and his suicide machine, but she was terminally ill and Dr. Kevorkian would not help kill people unless their life was in danger or they were not living comfortably. Kevorkian was previously a doctor dealing with terminally ill people and death counseling. From this experience he knew that for some people suicide was the only Solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, some people believe that what he started was a terrible thing. Just the other day there was a article in the newspaper that a man who was sick was planning to kill himself, so he had a party with all his friends as sort of a going away celebration.

Media Studies Mass Media

hAbstract: This essay explores what the media, mass media and mass communication is. As well as a major focus on the hypodermic needle theory also known as the magic bullet theory on the reception analysis, the passive audience and the encoding and decoding model with reference to relevant theorists and statements and examples from Africa and other countries. In conclusion this essay states that the reception analysis and the hypodermic needle theory both are important and complex in understanding the media and the active and passive audience.The hypodermic needle theory and the reception analysis is a complicated theory in the media world. These two theories explore how the media affects its audiences, both active and passive. This essay will explore through relevant examples and ideas from theorists, the hypodermic needle theory and the reception analysis, what they are and what role it plays in the media world and how the media affects the passive audience. The media is â€Å"a d iverse collection of industries and practices, each with their methods of communication, specific business interests, constraints and audiences† (Briggs and Cobley, 2001 ;1).And mass media according to TheFreeDictionary is, â€Å"A means of public communication reaching a large audience. † The media is almost everywhere in societies today and people view or listen to so much types of media every single day. As a result the media that is taken in affects its viewers and listeners subconsciously and are not aware of the impact that the media has on them. Mass communication thus, is the â€Å"process of transforming a message created by a person in a group to large audiences or market through a transforming device which is the medium† (J. Baran, Introduction to Mass Communication).As Connell (1984 :88) says that it is common that media’s message is distorted and misunderstood by society. Thus it effects the society subconsciously buy the way they act. The aud ience plays a vital role in the media world, because if the audience did not exist neither would the media. (Hanes) The media sends out information to the audience and the audience is there to receive it. â€Å"Audiences are not blank sheets of paper on which media messages can be written; members of an audience will have prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how effective media messages are. (Abercrombie 1996, 140). Hence, the message received by the audience and how they interpret that message will depend on the background of the audience members, such as their values and beliefs, their attitudes and their circumstances. Furthermore, there are two types of audiences that are seen to take in media, the active audience and the passive audience. The active audience interacts with the media given to them, and they have the knowledge to challenge the messages that the media gives to them.The uses and gratifications model that was first expressed in the United states in the 1940s (Moores 1993) believed that audiences were active and that they had a choice as to the texts they received, and that they were able to choose the one that would satisfy their needs. The passive audience, as seen by the hypodermic needle theory just accept all the information given to them. â€Å"Passive audience an audience that does not interact with the media and†¦ it has no control of the medias influence on them†¦ † (Unknown. www. aber. c. uk. ). The hypodermic needle theory assumes that â€Å"the audience is passive in receiving and interpretation of media texts. † (Hanes, 2000). The media is seen to directly affect the passive audience and that it will have the power to directly influence the audience, because the audiences just take in and accept what the media gives to them. Children are often seen as a passive audience because they do not fully understand what they are viewing, thus are affected subconsciously and often act out what they have s een on TV.Teenagers often try to copy their celebrity role models and lose sight of what is real and what is fantasy (Manali Oak) The hypodermic needle theory which was explored by the Frankfurt School also known as the magic bullet theory is a famous theory that states that the media is a needle or magic gun and that it â€Å"injects the message into the audiences mind and it causes changes in the audience’s behaviour†¦ towards the message. †(Unknown. poundedmonk. wordpress. com ). The audience is passive and as a result the message is injected into their mind without their knowledge.Harold Lasswell was a well known theorist of the hypodermic needle theory stated that â€Å"the new mass media could directly influence and sway public influence. † Meaning that when the audience (which is passive) views something on the television or hears something on the radio, it affects the audience directly and unconsciously, and could possibly change the way the audienc e views a certain subject. For example, in 1930 Orson Wells created a fake news bulletin about an alien invasion in an American city called Grover’s Mill.He broadcasted this message on a Radio Station program called â€Å"The War of the Worlds†, and it reached about twelve million American people. Due to this broadcast the whole country was in chaos. (Taken from :communicationtheory. org) Additionally the Hypodermic needle theory’s supporters believed that because the audience is passive in that they receive and accept the messages given to them by the media texts that, they put a great emphasis on the text itself and the power that it has on the audience.However because that information about the texts are so readily available and very easy to access, that the Hypodermic needle theory is generally disregarded by many other theorists when they consider the audiences response to the media . (Idea taken from: Phillip J Hanes) an example of this is when apartheid c ame into action in South Africa, the white government controlled the media and showed the black people as weak and inferior to the white people and that they are the dominant race and should be in charge.Most of the white viewers believed and accepted this information and as a result treated the black people like they are inferior to the white people, and thus some of the black people began to believe that they are inferior to the whites. (International Afro Mass Media) However the hypodermic needle theory â€Å"was not based on empirical findings†¦ rather it employed assumptions†¦ about human nature. † and that â€Å"People were assumed to be†¦ controlled by their biological instincts†¦ † (Lowerg and Delfleur, 1995 . p. 400).As a result the Hypodermic effects model is â€Å"considered to be an inadequate representation of the communication between media and the public, as it does not take into account the audience as individuals with their own bel iefs, opinions, ideas and attitudes. † (Unknown: www. aber. ac. uk). Hence the quote above shows the complications that were aroused by other theorists when it came to the hypodermic needle theory of how information was just accepted by the passive audience. In addition the reception analysis plays a major role in the media.The reception analysis is the way in which the audience receives, accepts and interprets the message given to them in the media (www. museum. tv. com). The way that an audience will receive and interpret a message in the media usually depends on their â€Å"socio-economic position, gender, ethnicity and so forth. † For example if four people from different people from different societies, watch the same programme, each of them will have a different view on what they have just watched, showing that the way they receive a message will be etermined by their own individuality. (Journal of Communication, 1990, vol,40, no1, p. 73) The theory on audience re ception has taken into account â€Å"the individual members of the audience. It realises there is a preferred meaning in the text, but also places emphasis on the audience in the process of constructing a meaning. † (Hanes: www. aber. ac. uk/media) meaning that the reception theory does not just look at the audience as whole, but as well as the individuals in an audience and how the medias messages affect the individuals.In South Africa, research has been done, that shows that they youth in South Africa is very influenced by the media received from North America. Teenagers watch reality shows and believe that in order to be popular and liked by their peers they have to look, act and be a certain way. Hence showing that the youth, depending on their demographic that they are in are heavily influenced and effected by the messages that they receive from the media. (M. Way: Journalism and Mass Communication). Hals encoding and decoding model draws up on Abercrombie’s (1996 ) â€Å"dominant text view and the dominant audience view. The dominant text view states that the text is more important because the audience is passive they will be influenced by the messages given by the media. Whereas the dominant audience view states that the audience is more important because it â€Å"is up audience to analyze and interpret the text. † (Hall; 1980). The advantage of the encoding and decoding model is that â€Å"it realises that the meaning made by the audience is affected by various other factors – including socio/economic frameworks and past experiences, but also involving the context in which the media message is consumed. † (Hanes: www. aber. ac. uk/media).This statement means that if one person watches television while being distracted by two children will receive a different from another person who is watching the same television programme but is concentrating on what they are watching. The reception analysis views on how the audience receives the message and how the audience interprets the messages received by the media. Thus we can see that because everyone has different ethnicity, gender, socio-economic backgrounds and political views, that they will view the messages that they receive completely differently to any other person, showing that there is individuality in audiences.For example, a Zulu woman who is a domestic worker who lives in a black township who watches ‘Carte Blanche’ will interpret the message differently to a white business man who lives in a mansion in Northcliff who watches the exact same thing. â€Å"Due to different backgrounds and experiences,  each person has  his or her  own way for decoding messages, and  people could even form different interpretations toward the same message† (stereotypebyinternet. wordpress. om) Furthermore, because there are so many types of media being given to us as the consumers of the media, we become numb to many of the informatio n given to us that we begin to just accept the information and messages. The messages that are in many of the television programs that are consumed that they begin to affect the viewers subconsciously, and the viewers will eventually act out and behave like the people on the programs that they watch and begin to think that everything that they view on the television is acceptable and that, that is how normal or even popular people should behave. The first effect of reality TV deals with†¦ teenagers. Already with self-esteem and acceptance issues, adolescent youth that frequently watch television shows that are advertise as being ‘reality', most likely will have the delusion that their appearance should mirror the people they see on the shows. Like with magazines and tabloids that historically have caused harmful†¦ trends in teenagers, such as anorexia and bulimia, reality TV foster facades that are readily accepted by our youth. † (D.Watkins, 2008) In conclusio n one can see that the media, mass media, mass communication play an important role and are important to the hypodermic needle theory, the reception analysis, and in the encoding and decoding model. This essay also shows how the audience, passive and active play an important role in the theories mentioned in this essay, and that media consumption is a very complex activity. Bibliography Abercrombie, Nicholas (1996): Television and Society. Cambridge: Polity Press Branston, G and Stafford, R. 1999). The Media Student’s Book. London: Routledge (pp. 410-420). Cruz, J. & Justin Lewis (1994): Viewing, Reading, Listening: Audiences and Cultural Reception. Boulder, CO: Westview Gillespie, M. (2005). Media Audiences. Maidenhead: Open University Press (pp. 26-50) Hanes, Philip J (April 2000) The Advantages and Limitations of a Focus on Audience in Media Studies. Retrieved April 29, 2012 from: http://www. aber. ac. uk/media/Students/pph9701. html Hart, Andrew (1991): Understanding the Media: A Practical Guide.London: Routledge Koufie-Amartey, I, (2010) Hypodermic Needle Theory. Retrieved April 29, 2012 from: http://amartey1. blogspot. com/2010/04/hypodermic-needle-theory. html Nightingale, Virginia (1996): Studying Audiences: The Shock of the Real. London: Routledge O'Sullivan, Tim, Brian Dutton ; Philip Rayner (1994): Studying the Media. London: Edward Arnold Seiter, Ellen et al. (Eds. ) (1989): Remote Control. London: Routledge Strelitz, L. (2002). Media consumption and identity formation: the case of the ‘homeland’ viewers.Media, Culture ; Society, 24(4), 459. Taylor, L and Willis, A. (1999). Media Studies. Texts, Institutions and Audiences. Oxford: Blackwell (pp. 168-183). Watkins, D. (2008): The effects of reality TV. Retrieved April 30, 2012 from http://www. helium. com/items/933893-the-effects-of-reality-tv Way, M. Strelitz, Larry. Mixed Reception: South African Youth and their Experience of Global Media. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from: http:// findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_7081/is_1_26/ai_n28420075

America s War On Drugs - 1539 Words

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