Lord Of The Flies Character Analysis Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Lord of the Flies # 8211 ; Character Changes In his first novel, William Golding used a group of male childs stranded on a tropical island to exemplify the malicious nature of world. Lord of the Flies dealt with alterations that the boys underwent as they bit by bit adapted to the stray freedom from society. Three chief characters depicted different effects on certain persons under those fortunes. Jack Merridew began as the chesty and holier-than-thou leader of a choir. The freedom of the island allowed him to further develop the darker side of his personality as the Chief of a barbarian folk. Ralph started as a self-confident male child whose assurance in himself came from the credence of his equals. He had a just nature as he was willing to listen to Piggy. He became progressively dependent on Piggy # 8217 ; s wisdom and became lost in the confusion around him. Towards the terminal of the narrative his rejection from their society of barbarian male childs forced him to fend for himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord Of The Flies Character Analysis Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Piggy was an educated male child who had grown up as an castaway. Due to his academic childhood, he was more mature than the others and retained his civilised behavior. But his experiences on the island gave him a more realistic apprehension of the inhuman treatment possessed by some people. The ordeals of the three male childs on the island made them more cognizant of the evil interior themselves and in some instances, made the false niceness that had clothed them dissipate. However, the alterations experienced by one male child differed from those endured by another. This is attributable to the physical and mental unsimilarities between them. Jack was first described with an ugly sense of inhuman treatment that made him of course unsympathetic. As leader of the choir and one of the tallest male childs on the island, Jack # 8217 ; s physical tallness and authorization matched his chesty personality. His desire to be Chief was clearly apparent in his first visual aspect. When the thought of holding a Chief was mentioned Jack spoke out instantly. # 8220 ; I ought to be main, # 8221 ; said Jack with simple haughtiness, # 8220 ; because I # 8217 ; m chapter chorister and caput boy. # 8221 ; He led his choir by administrating much subject ensuing in forced obeisance from the disguised male childs. His ill-nature was good expressed through his impoliteness of stating, # 8220 ; Shut up, Fatty. # 8221 ; at Piggy. ( p. 23 ) However, despite his unpleasant personality, his deficiency of bravery and his scruples prevented him from killing the first hog they encountered. # 8220 ; They knew really good why he hadn # 8217 ; T: because of the outrageousness of the knife descending and cutting into populating flesh ; because of the intolerable blood. # 8221 ; ( p. 34 ) Even at the meetings, Jack was able to incorporate himself under the leading of Ralph. He had even suggested the execution of regulations to modulate themselves. This was a Jack who was proud to be British, and who was shaped and still bound by the Torahs of a civilised society. The freedom offered to him by the island allowed Jack to show the darker sides of his personality that he hid from the ideals of his past environment. Without grownups as a superior and responsible authorization, he began to lose his fright of being punished for improper actions and behaviors. This freedom coupled with his malicious and chesty personality made it possible for him to rapidly devolve into a barbarian. He put on pigment, foremost to camouflage himself from the hogs. But he discovered that the pigment allowed him to conceal the out ideas in his head that his facial looks would otherwise bewray. # 8220 ; The mask was a thing on its ain buttocks which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness. # 8221 ; ( p. 69 ) Through hunting, Jack lost his fright of blood and of killing life animate beings. He reached a point where he really enjoyed the esthesis of runing a quarry afraid of his lance and knife. His natural desire for blood and force was brought out by his hunting of hogs. As Ralph became lost in his ain confusion, Jack began to asseverate himself as head. The male childs recognizing that Jack was a stronger and more self-confident leader gave in easy to the freedom of Jack # 8217 ; s savageness. Placed in a place of power and with his followings sharing his deranged hungriness for force, Jack gained encouragement to perpetrate the vile Acts of the Apostless of larceny and slaying. Freed from the conditions of a regulated society, Jack bit by bit became more violent and the regulations and proper behavior by which he was brought up were forgotten. The freedom given to him unveiled his true ego under the vesture worn by civilised people to conceal his darker features. Ralph was introduced as a just and sympathetic male child whose self-confident mad him feel secure even on the island without any grownups. His interaction with Piggy demonstrated his pleasant nature as he did non name him names with hateful purpose as Jack had. His good build allowed him to be good accepted among his equals, and this gave him adequate assurance to talk out readily in public. His handsome characteristics and the conch as a symbol of power and order pointed him out from the crowd of male childs and proclaimed him Chief. # 8220 ; There was a hush approximately Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive visual aspect ; and most obscurely, yet most powerful, there was the conch. # 8221 ; ( p. 24 ) From the speedy determinations he made as Chief near the beginning of the novel, it could be seen that Ralph was well-organized. But even so, Ralph began repeatedly to hanker and reverie of his civilised and regular yesteryear. Gradually, Ralph became baffled and began to lose lucidity in his ideas and addresss. # 8220 ; Ralph was puzzled by the shutter that flickered in his encephalon. There was something he wanted to say ; so the shutter had come down. # 8221 ; ( p. 156 ) He started to experience lost in their new environment as the male childs, with the exclusion of Piggy began to alter and accommodate to their freedom. As he did non lose his sense of duty, his point of views and precedences began to differ from the barbarians # 8217 ; . He was more influenced by Piggy than by Jack, who in a manner could be viewed as a beginning of immorality. Even though the significance of the fire as a deliverance signal was easy dismissed, Ralph continued to emphasize the importance of the fire at the mountaintop. He besides tried to restore the organisation that had helped to maintain the island clean and free of possible fire jeopardies. This difference made most of the male childs less convinced of the unity of Ralph. As his protagonists became fewer and Jack # 8217 ; s insisting on being main grew, his strength as a leader diminished. But even though Ralph had retained much of his past societal conditioning, he excessively was non spared from the immorality released by the freedom from regulations and grownups. During the play-fight after their unsuccessful Hunt in the class of their hunt for the animal, Ralph for the first clip, had an chance to fall in the huntsmans and portion their desire for force. # 8220 ; Ralph excessively was contending to acquire nigh, to acquire a smattering of that brown, vulnerable flesh. The desire to squeezing and injury was over-mastering. # 8221 ; ( p. 126 ) Without regulations to restrict them, they were free to do their game every bit existent as they wanted. Ralph did non understand the hatred Jack had for him, nor did he to the full comprehend why their little and simple society deteriorated. This confusion removed his assurance and made him more dependent on Piggy # 8217 ; s opinion, until Piggy began motivating him on what needed to be said and done. Towards the terminal of the novel, Ralph was forced into independency when he lost all his followings to Jack # 8217 ; s savageness, and when Piggy and the conch were smashed by Roger # 8217 ; s bowlder. He was forced to find how to avoid Jack # 8217 ; s barbarian huntsmans entirely. Ralph # 8217 ; s more responsible behavior set him apart from the other barbarian male childs and made it hard for him to accept and recognize the alterations they were undergoing. Becoming lost in his exposure to their built-in immorality, Ralph # 8217 ; s confusion brought about the impairment of his initial confidence and ordered disposition, leting him to see brief effusions of his beastly ego. Piggy was an educated male child rejected by the childs of his age group on history of his being overweight. It was his academic background and his isolation from the barbarian boys that had allowed him to stay largely unchanged from his primitive experiences on the island. His unattractive properties segregated him from the other male childs on the island. He was non welcomed on their first explorative trip of the island. # 8220 ; We Don # 8217 ; t want you, # 8221 ; Jack had said to Piggy. ( p. 26 ) Piggy was like an perceiver acquisition from the actions of others. His position in their society allowed him to look at the male childs from an foreigner # 8217 ; s position. He could larn of the hate being brought out of the male childs without holding to see the thirst for blood that Ralph was exposed to. Although he was easy intimidated by the other male childs, particularly by Jack, he did non miss the assurance to protest or talk out against the indignities from the male childs as the diffident former choirboy Simon did. This assurance differed from that of Ralph # 8217 ; s as it did non come from his credence by their equals nor did it come from the authorization and power Jack had grown accustomed to. It came from the pride in holding accumulated the wisdom that was evidently greater than that of most of the other childs at his age. Piggy non merely knew what the regulations were, as all the other male childs did, but he besides had the forbearance to at least admiration why the regulations existed. This intuition made Piggy non merely more cognizant of why the regulations were imposed, thereby guaranting that he would stay by them even when they were non enforced. When the male childs flocked to the mountaintop to construct their fire, Piggy shouted after them, # 8220 ; Acting like a crowd of childs! # 8221 ; ( p. 42 ) Piggy was a really apt individual who could look in front and be after carefully of the hereafter. He shouted at the boys # 8217 ; immature foolhardiness, # 8220 ; The first thing we ought to hold made was shelters down at that place by the beach # 8230 ; Then when you get here you build a balefire that International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t no usage. Now you been and set the whole island on fire. # 8221 ; ( p. 50 ) Like Ralph, his sense of duty set him apart from the other male childs. The writer used the image of long hair to exemplify Piggy # 8217 ; s nutriment of his civilized behavior. # 8220 ; He was the lone male child on the island whose hair neer seemed to grow. # 8221 ; ( p. 70 ) The writer # 8217 ; s description of his phalacrosis besides presented an image of old age and made Piggy seem to miss the strength of young person. The increasing unfairness Piggy endured towards the terminal of the novel was far greater than any that he had encountered antecedently. In his tantrum of choler, Piggy cried out, # 8220 ; I don # 8217 ; t inquire for my spectacless back, non as a favor. I don # 8217 ; t inquire you to be a athletics, I # 8217 ; ll say, non because you # 8217 ; rhenium strong, but because what # 8217 ; s right # 8217 ; s right. # 8221 ; ( p. 189 ) This new criterion of abrasiveness brought cryings out of him as the agony became unbearable. For a brief minute, Piggy # 8217 ; s choler at the unfairness and his weakness robbed him of his usual logical logical thinking, which returned when he was confronted with his fright of the barbarians. Piggy was an intelligent male child with a good apprehension of their state of affairs on the island. He was able to believe clearly and program in front with cautiousness so that even in the freedom of their unregulated universe, his wisdom and his isolation from the barbarian boys kept him from giving into the immorality that had so easy consumed Jack and his followings. The ensuing inhuman treatment Jack inflicted upon him taught Piggy how much more hurting at that place was in the universe. Lord of the flies used alterations experienced by male childs on an uninhabited island to demo the evil nature of adult male. By utilizing different characters the writer was able to portray assorted types of people found in our society. Their true egos were revealed in the freedom from the Torahs and penalty of a universe with grownups. Under the power and ordinances of their former society, Jack # 8217 ; s interior immorality was suppressed. But when the regulations no longer existed, he was free to make what malice he desired. Ralph had grown so used to the regularity of a civilised universe, that the alterations they underwent were hard for him to grok. He became baffled and less capable of believing clearly and independently. Although he excessively had experienced the impulse for force that had driven Jack and the huntsmans to fleeting extremums of lunacy, his more sensitive personality and his sense of duty saved him from complete savageness. These two traits besides helped to maintain Piggy from going primitive in behavior. He was made an castaway by his unwanted build and his superior intelligence. This isolation and wisdom besides helped Piggy to retain his civilised behavior. As good, he was made distressingly more cognizant of the great sum of unfairness in the universe. From these three characters, it could be seen that under the same fortunes, different persons can develop in different ways depending on the factors within themselves and how they interacted with each other. Their personalities and what they knew can find how they would construe and accommodate to a new environment such as the tropical island. Not everyone has so much malignity concealed indoors themselves as to go complete barbarians when released from the boundaries of our society. Some people will, because of the ways they were conditioned, remember and abide by the regulations they had depended on for societal organisation and security. Lord of the Flies, William Golding

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Study Of Easyjet And The Airline Industry Tourism Essay Easy Jet Airline is one of leading low-cost British airline established in 1995. Easy Jet has seen a rapid expansion, operating domestic and international service on 500 routes between Europe, North Africa and Asia. Its successful strategies based on low-cost, no frills model which derive from the a concept that demands for short-haul air transportation is price elastic. That means if the price of plane tickets are being reduced, more people will fly. Microeconomics Major determinants of demand The demand for a particular good or service depends on a variety of factors. Key influences include the price of substitutes; especially goods that are close substitutes, and the price of complements, the levels of consumer income, consumers expectation.(à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) The availability of alternative modes of transportation for air travel are increasing, in particular ownership of automobile and the railway development. These close substitutes might be a threat a number of traditional airline companies, dominating short journey sector (less than 3 hours). However, it is extremely difficult for rail transport to challenge a low-cost airline company like easyjet. For example, Euro stars cheapest tickets to Paris is  £149, whereas Easy Jets prices start from  £17.99 Airline costs per passenger, and rail fares, from Barcelona Price Elasticity As demand law, when other factors on demand remain unchanged, a higher price for a product will lead to a lower quantity demanded. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness, or sensitivity, of the demand for a good to changes in its price when other influences on demand are held constant. It is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded resulting from a given percentage change in price. For example, if a 1% increase in price leads to a 1.5% drop in quantity demanded, the own-price elasticity of demand is 1.5. 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Moreover, international travel tends to be spread over more time than domestic travel due to globalization, so that the plane ticket is more expensive than domestic tickets. globalization makes international travel especially business travel less sensitive to changes in ticket prices. On the other hand,  travelers for leisure are more likely to postpone trips to specific locations in response to higher fares, or to shop around and looking for more affordable fares. Therefore, it is concluded that the demand for air transport for leisure travel will be more elastic than business travel. Price Elasticity of Supply and Demand The relationship between demand and price of traveling by air can be both elastic and inelastic. To a large extent it depends on the type of customers traveling. For example a family planning a vacation that requires air travel, if the price of an airline ticket is extremely high, they are more likely decide to delay the trip until the prices are lower. This shows that leisure air travel is considered elastic. However, if a business customer needs to travel across the country by the next day, they will need a plane ticket regardless of the ticket price. For business travel, the price of airline would be considered inelastic because it is a necessity. The current market for business travel has a big part in the supply and demand within the airline industry. More so in the economic downturn with the price of oil rapidly increasing, the cost of an airline ticket is consequently has risen and the demand for leisure travel has fallen. In addition, another reason for the decline in demand is that after 9/11 there has been growing concern over in-flight safety. Another factor that influences the price of an airline ticket is the date that it is purchased. If there is an  emergency, the customer may need to book a ticket on the day of travel or even purchases a ticket close to the departure time. The fact that there are still many unsold tickets is disregarded and the price will be higher. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1013568/the_economys_affect_on_the_airline.html?cat=27 elastic.gif http://www.fin.gc.ca/consultresp/Airtravel/airtravstdy_1-eng.asp Market structure of Airline industry There are many factors impacted on the recent poor financial performance of traditional airlines, including the effects of 9/11, the global economic recession, the increasing growth of low cost airlines that operate under a different business model, and the recent surge in fuel prices. As described below, several simultaneous factors are transforming the global airline industry. The growth of low-cost airlines: The increasing growth of the market share of low-cost, low cost fares during the last few years is one of the most significant trends in the industry, and has presented a considerable threat to the viability of network of traditional carriers. The response of the traditional network airlines to the growing low cost airlines challenge will be critical to determining the future structure of the airline industry, both in the United States and in Europe. Competitive analysis The most obvious competitive advantages Easy Jet had are delivering low-cost and maximizing margins. easyJet keeps costs low by cutting off the unnecessary costs and frills which is in traditional airlines. This is done in several major ways: firstly, easy jet take advantage of the Internet to reduce distribution costs and then maximize the utilization of the substantial assets and maximize utilization of each aircraft and therefore, significantly reduces the unit cost Secondly, Easy Jet launched paperless operation and ticketless travel which means passengers receive an email containing their travel details and booking reference instead of get a paper ticket when they book online. This lower the cost of issuing, distributing, processing and reconciling millions of tickets each year. At the same time, Easy jet simplified its work practice by delivery the concept of paperless operation and a well designed information system allows management and administrative job carried out through its IT systems of company. The no-frill service on board is another reason for Easy Jet to keep cost low, because everybody always complain about food on board so why bother to provide food if people dont want it? Cutting off free catering on-board decrease cost and unnecessary bureaucracy and management. It is also an important differentiator between easyJet and other airlines and a potent reflection of our low-cost approach. Passengers can purchase food on-board if th ey need it . ironically, Easy jet have won awards for our catering service. The new concept of a simple service model also reflects a more general need about eliminating other unnecessary, costly services. pre-assigned seats, interline connections with other airlines and cargo/freight carriage are the characteristics of traditional airline result in high complex to manage cost. Moreover, easyJet use airports effectively by flying to main destination airports throughout Europe with high frequency and obtain efficiencies through rapid turnaround times. By cutting off turnarounds time to 30 minutes and below, easyJet can gain extra turnaround rates on the high-frequency routes, thus, maximizing utilization rates of its aircraft. Easy Jet made an agreement with airports about progressive landing charges. the operation easyJet currently has operating various bases throughout the UK and mainland Europe. It is a truly European operation and was one of the few airlines to take advantage of the reforms offered by the single European aviation market. Manage cost Fuel cost is one of the biggest and volatile single cost for Easy Jet therefore fuel efficiency is very important to Easy Jet. In 2009, Easy jet saved 1.2%of fuel they burn through the improvement of fuel efficiency and new flight planning system. Easy Jet have aimed a 3% improvement in fuel burn, which will deliver 20million by 2012. It is crucial for Easy Jet to manage cost effectively so that it can continue to offer competitive fares profitably. Easy jet plans to make at least 190million of cost reduction by the end of 2012, which will allow Easy Jet to offset inflationary pressures and produce 1 per seat benefit to the bottom line. The crew efficiency will be improved by 10% through route and crew optimal tools and a new roster system. Marco-economic Transport economics in general, especially air transport has been viewed as the laboratory of economic activity. Flourishing transport derived by booming economy, as an increasing economic activity, expanding industrial production and booming trade relation will inevitably lead to an ever-greater need for transport. A decline of the same parameters will reflect on a decreasing demand for transport. Within the transport industry, air transport seems to be more sensitive to such economic environment. In the face of recent financial crisis that affected world economic growth and international trade, airline industry are affected by this crisis. The EUs air transport system has been considered as a very important factor of the Unions economy. In the meanwhile, it is quite sensitive to economic environment and economic development in other industry. In 2008, the worldwide financial downturn had increasingly resulted in a global economic crisis. At the same time, the impacts of this crisis for air transport sector reflected on obvious decline of air travel demand because of less transported passengers and goods, reduction of supply through reduction of frequency, and lower company profits. Figure3: GDP Yearly Growth from 1990-2008 Inflation and Oil Price Impact The inflation rate in Europe was 0.90% in February of 2010. Inflation rate reflected on a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. The effective measures of Inflation are the CPI which measures consumer prices, and the GDP that measures inflation in the whole of the domestic economy. Oil prices are pushing up inflation across Europe. And oil price really matters to the health of global economy. The global economic downturn in 2000-2001 resulted from higher oil price since 1999, and global GDP growth have decreased. Higher oil price are contributing to high level of cost and unemployment and accelerating budget-deficit problem. The impact of high oil price on oil-importing countries varies mainly depending on the degree to which they are net importers and the oil intensity of their economies.. European countries are highly dependent on oil imports, which would suffer most in the short term, their GDP went down by 0.5% and inflation increasing by 0. 5% in 2005. The United States suffered with GDP declining by 0.3%,mainly because its domestic production meets a bigger part of share of its oil needs. Japans GDP decreased 0.4%, with its low oil intensity compensating for its almost high dependence on imported oil. The problem of fuel rates/ cost is one of many factors all airline companies faced with. The price of a barrel of oil has been a huge impact on airliner and global airline industry. According to the statistics, the cost of fuel has been made up by 31% of the total cost of business of airline companies. The aviation industry is always sensitive to the change of fuel price. In the economic recession, the number of the passenger would scare away if airline company rise the ticket price, despite of the situation of fuel price surge. Therefore, the only ways for airline company to minify the loss because of the higher oil price are strengthening management, cutting cost and efficiency improving, instead of simply raise the price. Another financial risk exposure in the airline industry is interest rate. Interest rate risk is important to airline companies in terms of the cost of debt finance. Higher financial leverage ratios are dominant in the aviation industry because of its capital intensive nature and high cost of equity. High earnings volatility made cost of equity increase. Equity can be less attractive due to lower price earnings ratios found in the airline industry. In the meanwhile, cost of debit is closely related to the interest rate changes. Therefore, the impact of interest rates on general business could be large consequential effect. Moreover, high interest rates result in higher cost of distress, this is especially for the airline industry. Legislation Impact One of the most difficult balancing acts that airline companies faced is the challenge of balanceing global warming and remaining competitive position in marketplace. The airline industry is responsible for 2% of the worlds man-made carbon emissions and 6% of the Uks. It has already achieved a great deal in keeping emissions down,and it is continuing to take its responsibilities seriously through industry-wide initiatives, in-depth research, roadmaps, not to mention new airframe and engine technology.In 2005,the climate impacts of aviation have finally landed on european political agenda.because the air travel is the worst climate choice of all transport modes, per passenger kilometer of aircraft emits tree times more than cars. Per tonne kilometer of freight, aircroft measured about an order of magnitude worse than lorries. the UK Climate Change Act, passed last November called into question how quickly the industry could deploy into new aircraft and fleets the technological advance ments it was claiming were going to help it deliver a percentage reduction in CO2 emissions. Airline companies must act quickly to lower its own CO2 emissins to meet goverment regulation,many people argued that the climate change policies will destory the development of aviation industry. However, the study shows that climate change legislation could be designed in a sustainable way. Survival of the Easy Jets Low-cost Model Low-cost airline model has proven to be successful, and has been copied by the many airline company worldwide. Low-cost airline model is based on strict adherence to several major principles: point to point flight, maximization of flying hours, short-haul, use of secondary airports, no-frill, and no delay, which result in low cost, low fares and high demand and capacity utilization. ( Macario et.al.2007) Although the air transport market is heavily impacted by the economic crisis, in turn, economic recession provides a potential opportunity to low-cost airline company. Easy Jet announced a profit increase in 2009. Low cost airline companies are increasing their market share compared to traditional airline. Potential strategies for Easy Jet Firstly, Easy Jet should build stronger air transport network. Although Easy Jet has a leading presence on Europes top 100 routes, it still needs to strengthen its positions in the key market and focus on the routes customers find the most attractive, at convenient times. Easy Jet needs to continually manage schedule quality and fine-tune its network. Which means it will offer customers the opportunity to arrive when they want and when they want. It will allow Easy Jet get increasing market share of flight and have higher load factors than its competitors. Increasing frequency and stability on major routes with launching new the route mix offer more choice to its customers based on market research. For instance, Easy Jet launched flight with daily return flight from several cities in UK to many European cities. As the demand declines through the summer months, it should manage its schedule and move assets to leisure routes in order to maximize its capacities. In addition, unnecessary cost created by overnight stops could be avoided by base management, in order to improve efficiency and maximize revenue. Secondly, it is important to listen to customer and understand their need and then design schedule and service to match. the relative effective way to get close to its customers is to collect all customer data, which provides a fast and intelligent view on trends in customers travelling habits. With these customer databases, it allows marketing department tailor marketing emails according to individual customer purchasing patterns and preferences. Moreover, build increasing customer experience to appeal business travelers. Departure time is vital for customer and ensuring customers arrive at their destination on time is a key to delivery of a winning customer proposition. In a recession economic environment, Easy Jet has potential opportunity to increase share of the business travel market due to many corporate tend to low cost air travel company to cut business cost. http://hubpages.com/hub/rise-in-fuel-prices-airline-industry How a rise in fuel prices affect the airline industry

Internet Censorship Two Case Studies: Australia and the United States E

I. Introduction Internet censorship laws started appearing around the world in 1995. These laws covered content already illegal in existing laws for non-internet content, as well as for content that is not suitable for minors. Worldwide, four different approaches were taken with internet censorship. 1) The government encouraged user self-regulation, and voluntary use of content filters by their citizens. 2) Laws were implemented that penalized content providers who made censored material available online. 3) Some governments instituted country wide blocking of censored material. 4) The most restrictive censorship implemented by some governments was complete blocking or restrictive access to the internet. 1 This paper will show whether the ethics of censoring internet content depends on the culture and laws of the country. I personally believe that internet censorship is not ethical and internet users should decide for themselves what they can and cannot see. This paper will prove the ethical implications of internet censorship through two case studies: the United States' Communications Decency Act, and Australia's Broadcasting Services Amendment (Online Services) Act 1999. The United States and Australia have both taken two different approaches to internet censorship. However, both countries started out with similar censorship laws. The United States in 1996 passed the Communications Decency Act. This law was later found to be unconstitutional and in violation of first amendment rights to freedom of speech. The US currently has no internet censorship laws. The Australian government uses the Broadcasting Services Amendment (Online Services) Act 1999 to censor internet traffic t o this day. II. US and the ... ...4, . Internet Censorship in Australia, 20 December 2002, Electronic Frontiers Australia, 23 April 2004, . Review of the Operation of Schedule 5 to the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, 8 November 2002, Electronic Frontiers Australia, 23 April 2004, . Jacques Berleur, Penny Duquenoy, Diane Whitehouse, Eds., Ethics and the Governance of the Internet, September 1999, Internalional Federation for Information Processing, 23 April 2004, . Meghan Shapiro, Censorship, November 1998, University College of the Cariboo, 23 April 2004, .